- Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous liquid, sweet and hygroscopic. Mixed with water and alcohols, amines and phenols in any proportion, water solution is neutral. Soluble in 11 times ethyl acetate, about 500 times ether. It is insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oil and long chain aliphatic alcohol. Flammable, when exposed to chromium dioxide, potassium chlorate and other strong oxidants can cause combustion and explosion. It is also a good solvent for many inorganic salts and gases. It is non-corrosive to metals and can be oxidized to acrolein when used as a solvent.
Chemical properties: Esterification reaction with acid, such as esterification with phthalate to form alkyd resin. Transesterification with esters occurs. It reacts with hydrogen chloride to produce chlorohydrin. There are two ways of glycerol dehydration: intermolecular dehydration to get diglyceride and polyglycerol; intramolecular dehydration to get acrolein. Glycerol reacts with alkali to form alcohols. It reacts with aldehydes and ketals to form acetals and ketals. Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone were oxidized with dilute nitric acid, and formic acid and formaldehyde were oxidized with periodate. Contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate or potassium permanganate can cause combustion or explosion. Glycerol can also nitrate and acetylate.
- Non-toxic. Even if the total amount of dilute solution is up to 100 g, it is harmless. After hydrolysis and oxidation in vivo, it becomes a nutrient source. In animal experiments, it has the same anesthetic effect as alcohol if it is given a large amount of alcohol.
- It exists in Flue-cured tobacco, Burley tobacco, spice tobacco and smoke.
- Natural in tobacco, beer, wine, cocoa.
Solubility: It is soluble in ethanol, water, chloroform, ether, disulfide 1, benzene and oil. It can dissolve some inorganic substances.
Main Applications: Used in gas chromatography stationary liquid and organic synthesis, also used as solvent, gas meter and shock absorber, softener, antifreeze, antibiotic 1 nutrient for fermentation, desiccant, etc.
Used in the manufacture of nitrate 1 glycerol, acetic acid resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin. It is widely used in cosmetics industry, food industry, water-based printing ink, paint industry.
